Muscle and skeletal system

check the following link for the information on muscle and skeletal of different animals and tell me what you think. You only have to click in the word link in blue.

Plant tissue

First Concept to Learn: Plant Structure

All plants have three basic organs: roots, stems, and leaves. All three organs consist of protective, vascular and ground tissue. Each of which can be further divided into three basic cell types called parenchyma, schlerenchyma, and colenchyma cells.

Three different cell types make up all of the plant tissues and organs described above. Each of which has a different function that helps the plant survive. Firstly are parenchyma cells, which carry out most of the metabolic functions of the plant. These functions include the synthesis and storage of various organic products, which are food sources for the plant. The second type of cell is the collenchyma cell that functions primarily in support of young parts of the plant shoot. They are living, functioning cells that elongate and grow with the organs they support. Finally, the schlerenchyma cells serve as further support, however these cells are unable to elongate and are only found within non-growing regions of the plant. These cells have thicker cell walls that contain lignin for extra support. Lignin is a polymer found within the cell wall surrounding plant cells giving them the extra support they need. It is a combination of these cells that make up the plant and work together to carry out all its cellular functions.

Blood Filtration Animation

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6 grade Directed Reading

Section: Eukaryotic Cells
cell wall
1. What is the function of a cell wall?
__________________________________________________________
2. What are the cell walls of plants and algae made of?
__________________________________________________________
3. What are the cell walls of fungi made of?
__________________________________________________________
cell membrane
4. What is a cell membrane?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. What are three types of compounds contained in the cell membrane?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6. What two substances control the movement of materials into and out of the cell?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
CYTOSKELETON
_____ 7. A web of proteins in the cytoplasm is known as the
a. phospholipid. c. cell membrane.
b. cytoskeleton. d. organelle.
8. What are the two functions of the cytoskeleton?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
NUCLEUS
___ 9. What is the genetic material contained inside a cell’s nucleus?
a. protein c. DNA
b. lipids d. nucleolus
_____ 10. The function of proteins in a cell is to
a. control chemical reactions. c. cover the nucleus.
b. store genetic information. d. copy messages from DNA.
_____ 11. What is the nucleolus?
a. the opposite of the nucleus
b. another name for DNA
c. a network of fibers in the cytoplasm
d. a dark area of the nucleus that stores materials and begins to make ribosomes
ribosomes
12. Organelles that make proteins are called ______________________.
13. Proteins are made of ______________________.
endoplasmic reticulum
14. A system of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids, and other materialsare made is the ______________________.
15. Two forms of endoplasmic reticulum are and ______________________.
Mitochondria
_____ 16. What function does a mitochondrion perform?
a. It breaks down sugar to produce energy.
b. It makes proteins.
c. It breaks down toxic materials.
d. It stores material used to make ribosomes.
17. The site of cellular respiration is the ______________________.
18. Energy produced in mitochondria is stored in a substance called ______________________.
chloroplasts
__ 19. Chloroplasts are organelles that are found in the cells of
a. animals. c. mitochondria.
b. plants and algae. d. all eukaryotic cells.
__ 20. Which process happens inside a chloroplast?
a. production of ATP c. photosynthesis
b. production of DNA d. formation of animal cells
__ 21. Chloroplasts are green because they contain
a. sugar. c. chlorophyll.
b. proteins. d. DNA.
GOLGI COMPLEX
__ 22. The function of the Golgi complex is to
a. produce sugar and water.
b. package and deliver proteins.
c. produce oxygen.
d. trap energy from the sun.
cell compartments
23. A small sac that surrounds material to be moved into or out of a cell is a(n) .______________________
cellular digestion
24. What is a lysosome?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
25. What is the function of lysosomes?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
26. What function do vacuoles perform in plant and fungal cells?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

6 grade The Cell

Building a Eukaryotic Cell

Complete this worksheet after you finish reading the section “Eukaryotic Cells.” Below is a list of the features found in eukaryotic cells. Next to each feature, write P if it is a feature found only in plant cells and a B if it is a feature that can be found in both plant and animal cells.

_____ 1. endoplasmic reticulum _____ 7. Golgi complex

_____ 2. mitochondria _____ 8. cell wall
_____ 3. nucleus _____ 9. vesocles
_____ 4. cell membrane _____ 10. DNA
_____ 5. cytoplasm _____ 11. nucleolus
_____ 6. ribosomes _____ 12. chloroplasts

In the space provided, label the structures of the eukaryotic cell drawn below. Include only the structures that you labeled B.

Directed Reading

Section: The Urinary System

_____ 1. What is excretion?

• a. the process of digesting food
  b. the process of breathing
  c. the process of removing waste from the body
  d. the process of adding nutrients to the body

2. What is the urinary system?

__________________________________________________________

cleaning the blood

3. What are two examples of wastes that the urinary system removes from the blood?

__________________________________________________________
the kidneys as filters

_____ 4. How many kidneys does a person normally have?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four

_____ 5. Which of the following is the job of the nephrons?
a. They remove wastes from the blood.
b. They produce urea.
c. They produce urine.
d. They clean the kidneys.
6. What do the kidneys do?

__________________________________________________________

7. What is urea?

__________________________________________________________

Water in, water out

_____ 8. Why do humans sweat?
a. to cleanse the skin
b. to cool the body
c. to produce saliva
d. to control thirst
9. Why does your body need to excrete as much water as it brings in?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
10. What does ADH do?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

11. What effect does a diuretic have on your body?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

urinary system problems

_____ 12. Kidney stones are made of which of the following substances?
a. viruses
b. waste materials
c. ADH
d. bacteria

13. How can bacteria get into the bladder and ureters?

__________________________________________________________

14. What can happen if the nephrons are damaged?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Urinary system summary seventh grade

Section summary
Read the following section summary.
• The urinary system removes liquid waste as urine. The filtering structures in the kidney are called nephrons.
• Most of the water in the blood is returned to the bloodstream. Urine passes through the ureter, into the bladder, and out of the body through the urethra.
• Disorders of the urinary system include infections, kidney stones, andkidney disease.

Eukaryotic cells six grade

section summary

Read the following section summary.
• Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform functions that help cells remain alive.
• All cells have a cell membrane. Some cells have a cell wall. Some cells have a cytoskeleton.
• The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell contains the cell’s genetic material, DNA.
• Ribosomes are the organelles that make proteins. Ribosomes are not covered by a membrane.
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex make and process proteins before the proteins are transported to other parts of the cell or out of the cell.
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that provide chemical energy for the cell.
• Lysosomes are organelles responsible for digestion within a cell. In plant cells, organelles called vacuoles store cell materials and sometimes act like large lysosomes.

The Urinary System seventh grade

Skill Worksheet
Reinforcement
Annie Apple’s Amazing Adventure
Complete this worksheet after you finish reading the section “The Urinary System.”

Being an apple, Annie is not very good with words. In her story below, she used many terms incorrectly. The incorrect terms have been underlined and numbered. Help Annie by writing the correct term in the corresponding blank provided at the bottom of the page.

Hi, my name is Annie Apple, and I’m, well, an apple! I’ve just been on the strangest adventure, and I thought you’d like to hear about it.
First, this girl took a huge bite out of me and used her teeth to chew me. They call that (1) chemical digestion. While this was happening I got soaked by (2) bile, which breaks down my carbohydrates into simple sugars. Boy, was that -uncomfortable! Then I was swallowed. I went down a long tube called the (3) small intestine, and I ended up in the (4) liver. There, I was bombarded by acid and enzymes, which broke me down further until I was a soupy mixture called (5) amino acids. Next I was released into the (6) large intestine. There I was met by pancreatic juice and (7) saliva. Then I was broken down enough to be partially absorbed into the bloodstream.
After that, I passed into the (8) esophagus, where I had water absorbed from me. At last, what was left of me passed through an opening called the (9) villi. But that’s not the end! The part of me that passed into the bloodstream provided energy to lots of cells before it ended up at the (10) stomach, where it was filtered through tiny (11) bladders and then went out the (12) urethra to be stored in the (13) nephron.
The final leg of my journey was through the (14) ureter to the outside world. Isn’t that an unbelievable adventure?
1.____________________________ 8.__________________________
2.____________________________ 9.__________________________
3.____________________________ 10.__________________________
4.____________________________ 11.__________________________
5. ___________________________ 12.__________________________
6.____________________________ 13.__________________________
7.____________________________ 14.__________________________

vocabulary activity for seventh grade

Activity
Vocabulary Activity
Alien Anagrams
After you finish reading the chapter, try this puzzle!
A spaceship full of alien ambassadors has just landed in your backyard. They are very interested in earthling science, especially the study of biological systems. Help them translate their scrambled list of terms. DOOG CLUK!
1. long, straight tube connecting your throat and stomach
2. microscopic filters located in the kidneys
3. large, reddish-brown organ that makes bile, breaks down nutrients, and stores toxins
4. saclike organ that breaks down food into liquid
5. oval organ that sends fluid into the small intestine to chemically digest and neutralize chyme
6. bean-shaped organs that filter blood
7. small, saclike organ that stores bile
8. tube where most chemical digestion occurs
9. tube where liquid waste is changed into solid waste
10. group of organs that work together to digest food
11. group of organs that remove waste from the blood
GAPHOUSES ___________________
HORNPENS ____________________
VIRLE _________________________
SCAMTHO _____________________
SNARPACE ____________________
YIDNEKS ______________________
BALDGLARDLE ________________
LALMS SEENITINT _____________
GELAR NESTIENT ______________
GESTIDIVE SMETYS ____________
YANRIRU TYSMES _____________

vocabulary activity for six grade

Activity
Vocabulary Activity
Cellular Crosswords
After you finish reading the chapter, use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle on the next page.
ACROSS
3. the fluid inside a cell
7. the world’s smallest cells
10. the chemical control center of a cell
11. organelle containing digestive enzymes
12. kind of cell that does not have a nucleus
13. organelle that packages and transport materials out of the cell
17. describes an organism that exists as a group of cells
20. A single _____ has everything necessary to carry out life’s activities.
23. scientist who first described cells
24. energy-converting organelle found in plant and algae cells
25. anything that can live independently
26. groups of organs working together to perform particular jobs in the body
27. a structure performing a specific function within a cell
down
1. The cells of plants and algae have a hard _____ _____ made of cellulose.
2. organelles that break down sugar to produce energy.
4. a combination of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific job in the body
5. organelles that make proteins
6. a group of similar cells that perform a common function
8. cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
9. sacs that contain materials in a eukaryotic cell
14. barrier between the inside of a cell and its environment
15. dark area inside the nucleus that stores materials that will be used to make ribosomes
16. scientific description of all living things in terms of cells
18. the cell’s delivery system (abbr.)
19. substance that stores energy released by mitochondria
21. a large vesicle that stores enzymes or liquids
22. the cell’s hereditary material